Percent End Lap
\[
\%EL = \frac{GD-B}{GD} \times 100
\]
Where:
$EL$ = end lap
$GD$ = ground distance
$B$ = Airbase
Percent Side Lap \[ \%SL = \frac{GD-W}{GD} \times 100 \] Where:
$SL$ = side lap
$GD$ = ground distance
$W$ = flight strips
$EL$ = end lap
$GD$ = ground distance
$B$ = Airbase
If end lap is not given, use $\%EL = 60$
Percent Side Lap \[ \%SL = \frac{GD-W}{GD} \times 100 \] Where:
$SL$ = side lap
$GD$ = ground distance
$W$ = flight strips
If side lap is not given, use $\%SL = 30$